Why you should get a COVID-19 vaccine – even if you’ve already had the coronavirus

 By Jennifer T. Grier, University of South Carolina

A few weeks ago, a message popped up within the corner of my screen. “What does one believe people that have recently had COVID–19 getting the vaccine?” a lover of mine was eligible for a COVID–19 vaccine, but she had recently gotten over an infection with SARS–CoV–2. More people are getting eligible for vaccines hebdomadally – including many people that have already recovered from a coronavirus infection. Many are wondering whether or not they need the vaccine, especially people that have already been infected.

I study immune responses to respiratory infections, so I buy tons of those sorts of questions. an individual can develop immunity – the power to resist infection – from being infected with an epidemic or from getting a vaccine. However, immune protection isn’t always equal. The strength of the immune reaction, the length of your time that the protection lasts and therefore the variation of the immune reaction across people is extremely different between vaccine immunity and innate immunity for SARS–CoV–2. COVID–19 vaccines offer safer and more reliable immunity than natural infection.

Immunity after infection is unpredictable

Immunity comes from the immune system’s ability to recollect an infection. Using this immune memory, the body will know to fight if it encounters the disease again. Antibodies are proteins that will bind to an epidemic and stop infection. T cells are cells that direct the removal of infected cells and viruses already bound by antibodies. These two are a number of the most players that contribute to immunity.

After a SARS-CoV-2 infection, a person’s antibody and T cell responses could also be strong enough to guard against reinfection. Research shows that 91% of individuals who develop antibodies against the coronavirus are unlikely to be infected again for 6 months, even after a light infection. people that had no symptoms during the infection also are likely to develop immunity, though they have a tendency to form fewer antibodies than those that felt ill. So for a few people, innate immunity could also be strong and long-lasting.

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The problem is that not everyone will develop immunity after a SARS-CoV-2 infection. As many as 9% of infected people don't have detectable antibodies, and up to 7% of individuals don’t have T cells that recognize the virus 30 days after infection.

For people that do develop immunity, the strength and duration of the protection can vary tons. Up to five individuals may lose their immune protection within a couple of months. Without a robust immune defense, these people are vulnerable to reinfection by the coronavirus. Some have had second bouts of COVID–19 as soon together month after their first infection; and, though rare, some people are hospitalized or maybe died.

A person who is reinfected can also be ready to transmit the coronavirus even without feeling sick. this might put the person’s loved ones in danger.

And what about the variants? thus far, there isn’t any hard data about the new coronavirus variants and innate immunity or reinfection, but it's certainly possible that immunity from one infection won’t be as strong against infection with a special variant.

Vaccination results in reliable protection

COVID–19 vaccines generate both antibody and T cell responses – but this is often much stronger and more consistent than immunity from natural infection. One study found that four months after receiving their first dose of the Moderna vaccine, 100% of individuals tested had antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. this is often the longest period that has been studied thus far. during a study watching the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines, antibody levels were also much higher in vaccinated people than in those that had recovered from infection.

Even better, a study in Israel showed that the Pfizer vaccine blocked 90% of infections after both doses – even with a variant present within the population. And a decrease in infections means people are less likely to transmit the virus to the people around them.

The COVID–19 vaccines aren’t perfect, but they produce strong antibody and T cell responses that provide a safer and more reliable means of protection than innate immunity.

Infection and vaccination together

To my friend’s message, I instantly replied that she should absolutely get the vaccine. After getting vaccinated, my friend might be comfortable knowing that she has long-lasting, effective immunity and fewer of an opportunity of spreading the coronavirus to her friends and family.

But more excellent news has emerged since I sent that message. a replacement study showed that vaccination after infection produces sixfold more antibodies than a vaccine by itself. This isn’t to mention that anyone should attempt to get infected before they get vaccinated – vaccine immunity alone is quite strong enough to supply protection and therefore the dangers of a fight with COVID-19 far outweigh the advantages. But when my friend and therefore the many others who were already infected get their vaccines, they’ll be protected.

Natural immunity from infection is just far too unreliable within the face of such a devastating virus. Current COVID-19 vaccines offer incredibly strong, consistent protection to the good majority of individuals. So, for anyone eligible, even those that have already had a SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 vaccines offer immense benefits.

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